本文调查了大师无人机(MUAV) - 互联网(IOT)网络,我们建议使用配备有智能反射表面(IRS)的可充电辅助UAV(AUAV)来增强来自MUAV的通信信号并将MUAG作为充电电源利用。在拟议的模型下,我们研究了这些能量有限的无人机的最佳协作策略,以最大限度地提高物联网网络的累计吞吐量。根据两个无人机之间是否有收费,配制了两个优化问题。为了解决这些问题,提出了两个多代理深度强化学习(DRL)方法,这些方法是集中培训多师深度确定性政策梯度(CT-MADDPG)和多代理深度确定性政策选项评论仪(MADDPOC)。结果表明,CT-MADDPG可以大大减少对UAV硬件的计算能力的要求,拟议的MADDPOC能够在连续动作域中支持低水平的多代理合作学习,其优于优势基于选项的分层DRL,只支持单代理学习和离散操作。
translated by 谷歌翻译
对比度学习(CL)方法有效地学习数据表示,而无需标记监督,在该方法中,编码器通过单VS-MONY SOFTMAX跨透镜损失将每个正样本在多个负样本上对比。通过利用大量未标记的图像数据,在Imagenet上预先训练时,最近的CL方法获得了有希望的结果,这是一个具有均衡图像类的曲制曲线曲线集。但是,当对野外图像进行预训练时,它们往往会产生较差的性能。在本文中,为了进一步提高CL的性能并增强其对未经保育数据集的鲁棒性,我们提出了一种双重的CL策略,该策略将其内部查询的正(负)样本对比,然后才能决定多么强烈地拉动(推)。我们通过对比度吸引力和对比度排斥(CACR)意识到这一策略,这使得查询不仅发挥了更大的力量来吸引更遥远的正样本,而且可以驱除更接近的负面样本。理论分析表明,CACR通过考虑正/阴性样品的分布之间的差异来概括CL的行为,而正/负样品的分布通常与查询独立进行采样,并且它们的真实条件分布给出了查询。我们证明了这种独特的阳性吸引力和阴性排斥机制,这有助于消除在数据集的策划较低时尤其有益于数据及其潜在表示的统一先验分布的需求。对许多标准视觉任务进行的大规模大规模实验表明,CACR不仅在表示学习中的基准数据集上始终优于现有的CL方法,而且在对不平衡图像数据集进行预训练时,还表现出更好的鲁棒性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Generalist models, which are capable of performing diverse multi-modal tasks in a task-agnostic way within a single model, have been explored recently. Being, hopefully, an alternative to approaching general-purpose AI, existing generalist models are still at an early stage, where modality and task coverage is limited. To empower multi-modal task-scaling and speed up this line of research, we release a generalist model learning system, OFASys, built on top of a declarative task interface named multi-modal instruction. At the core of OFASys is the idea of decoupling multi-modal task representations from the underlying model implementations. In OFASys, a task involving multiple modalities can be defined declaratively even with just a single line of code. The system automatically generates task plans from such instructions for training and inference. It also facilitates multi-task training for diverse multi-modal workloads. As a starting point, we provide presets of 7 different modalities and 23 highly-diverse example tasks in OFASys, with which we also develop a first-in-kind, single model, OFA+, that can handle text, image, speech, video, and motion data. The single OFA+ model achieves 95% performance in average with only 16% parameters of 15 task-finetuned models, showcasing the performance reliability of multi-modal task-scaling provided by OFASys. Available at https://github.com/OFA-Sys/OFASys
translated by 谷歌翻译
In this paper, we propose a novel multi-modal multi-task encoder-decoder pre-training framework (MMSpeech) for Mandarin automatic speech recognition (ASR), which employs both unlabeled speech and text data. The main difficulty in speech-text joint pre-training comes from the significant difference between speech and text modalities, especially for Mandarin speech and text. Unlike English and other languages with an alphabetic writing system, Mandarin uses an ideographic writing system where character and sound are not tightly mapped to one another. Therefore, we propose to introduce the phoneme modality into pre-training, which can help capture modality-invariant information between Mandarin speech and text. Specifically, we employ a multi-task learning framework including five self-supervised and supervised tasks with speech and text data. For end-to-end pre-training, we introduce self-supervised speech-to-pseudo-codes (S2C) and phoneme-to-text (P2T) tasks utilizing unlabeled speech and text data, where speech-pseudo-codes pairs and phoneme-text pairs are a supplement to the supervised speech-text pairs. To train the encoder to learn better speech representation, we introduce self-supervised masked speech prediction (MSP) and supervised phoneme prediction (PP) tasks to learn to map speech into phonemes. Besides, we directly add the downstream supervised speech-to-text (S2T) task into the pre-training process, which can further improve the pre-training performance and achieve better recognition results even without fine-tuning. Experiments on AISHELL-1 show that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance, with a more than 40% relative improvement compared with other pre-training methods.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Diffusion models, which learn to reverse a signal destruction process to generate new data, typically require the signal at each step to have the same dimension. We argue that, considering the spatial redundancy in image signals, there is no need to maintain a high dimensionality in the evolution process, especially in the early generation phase. To this end, we make a theoretical generalization of the forward diffusion process via signal decomposition. Concretely, we manage to decompose an image into multiple orthogonal components and control the attenuation of each component when perturbing the image. That way, along with the noise strength increasing, we are able to diminish those inconsequential components and thus use a lower-dimensional signal to represent the source, barely losing information. Such a reformulation allows to vary dimensions in both training and inference of diffusion models. Extensive experiments on a range of datasets suggest that our approach substantially reduces the computational cost and achieves on-par or even better synthesis performance compared to baseline methods. We also show that our strategy facilitates high-resolution image synthesis and improves FID of diffusion model trained on FFHQ at $1024\times1024$ resolution from 52.40 to 10.46. Code and models will be made publicly available.
translated by 谷歌翻译
机上的机器学习使本地客户端推荐模型的轻量级部署可以减轻基于云的推荐人的负担,并同时结合了更多实时用户功能。然而,考虑到其强大的模型能力以及从十亿级项目库中产生的有效候选人,该行业的基于云的建议仍然非常重要。以前的尝试将两种范式的优点整合起来主要诉诸于顺序机制,该机制在基于云的建议之上构建了在设备上的推荐人。但是,当用户兴趣发生巨大变化时,这种设计是不灵活的:设备模型被有限的项目缓存粘住,而基于大型项目池的基于云的推荐则没有新的重新汇总反馈。为了克服这个问题,我们提出了一个元控制器,以动态管理推荐装置推荐人与基于云的推荐人之间的协作,并从因果角度引入一种新颖的有效样本构造,以解决元控制者的数据集缺失问题。在反事实样本和扩展培训的基础上,在工业推荐方案中进行的广泛实验显示了在设备云协作中Meta控制器的承诺。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在过去的几年中,基于变压器的预训练的语言模型在行业和学术界都取得了惊人的成功。但是,较大的模型尺寸和高运行时间延迟是在实践中应用它们的严重障碍,尤其是在手机和物联网(IoT)设备上。为了压缩该模型,最近有大量文献围绕知识蒸馏(KD)的主题长大。然而,KD在基于变压器的模型中的工作方式仍不清楚。我们取消了KD的组件,并提出了一个统一的KD框架。通过框架,花费了23,000多个GPU小时的系统和广泛的实验,从知识类型的角度,匹配策略,宽度深度折衷,初始化,型号大小等。在培训前语言模型中,对先前最新的(SOTA)的相对显着改善。最后,我们为基于变压器模型的KD提供了最佳实践指南。
translated by 谷歌翻译
联合学习(FL)的令人难以置信的发展使计算机视觉和自然语言处理领域的各种任务受益,而现有的TFF和FATE等现有框架使在现实应用程序中的部署变得容易。但是,即使图形数据很普遍,联合图形学习(FGL)由于其独特的特征和要求而没有得到很好的支持。缺乏与FGL相关的框架增加了完成可再现研究和在现实世界应用中部署的努力。在本文中,我们首先讨论了创建易于使用的FGL软件包的挑战,因此提出了我们实施的FederatedScope-GNN(FS-G)的包裹,该软件包提供了(1)统一的模块化视图并表达FGL算法; (2)用于开箱即用的FGL功能的综合数据和模型; (3)有效的模型自动调整组件; (4)现成的隐私攻击和防御能力。我们通过进行广泛的实验来验证FS-G的有效性,该实验同时获得了许多有关FGL的宝贵见解。此外,我们采用FS-G在现实世界中的电子商务方案中为FGL应用程序提供服务,在该场景中获得的改进表明了巨大的潜在业务利益。我们在https://github.com/alibaba/federatedscope上公开发布FS-G,作为FederatedScope的子模型,以促进FGL的研究,并启用由于缺乏专用包装而无法无视的广泛应用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
尽管现有联合学习平台(FL)平台已取得了显着的进展,以提供开发基础架构,但这些平台可能无法很好地应对各种异质性带来的挑战,包括参与者本地数据,资源,行为和学习目标中的异质性。为了填补这一空白,在本文中,我们提出了一个名为FederatedScope的新型FL平台,该平台采用事件驱动的架构为用户提供极大的灵活性,以独立描述不同参与者的行为。这样的设计使用户可以轻松地描述参与者具有各种本地培训过程,学习目标和后端,并通过同步或异步培训策略将其协调为FL课程。 FederatedScope为易于使用和灵活的平台提供了丰富类型的插入操作和组件,以有效地进行进一步开发,并且我们实施了几个重要组件,以更好地帮助用户进行隐私保护,攻击模拟和自动调整。我们已经在https://github.com/alibaba/federatedscope上发布了FederatedScope,以在各种情况下促进联邦学习的学术研究和工业部署。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们为AI驱动数据库提供了一个SYSML框架。使用Baihe,可能会改装现有的关系数据库系统以使用学习组件进行查询优化或其他常见任务,例如例如,学习索引结构。为确保Baihe的实用性和现实世界适用性,其高级架构基于以下要求:与核心系统的分离,最小的第三方依赖,鲁棒性,稳定性和容错,以及稳定性和可配置性。基于高级架构,我们将描述Baihe的具体实现PostgreSQL,并为学习查询优化器提供了实例使用情况。为了服务于从业者,以及DB和AI4DB社区的研究人员将在开源许可下发布PostgreSQL的Baihe。
translated by 谷歌翻译